WASHINGTON (AP) 鈥 Nearly a quarter of animals living in rivers, lakes and other freshwater sources are threatened with extinction, according to new research published Wednesday.
鈥淗uge rivers like the Amazon can appear mighty, but at the same time are very fragile,鈥 said study co-author Patricia Charvet, a biologist at Brazil's Federal University of Cear谩.
Freshwater habitats 鈥 including rivers, lakes, ponds, streams, bogs and 鈥 cover less than 1% of the planet鈥檚 surface, but support 10% of its animal species, said Catherine Sayer, a zoologist at the International Union for Conservation of Nature in England.
The researchers examined around 23,500 species of dragonflies, fish, crabs and other animals that depend exclusively on freshwater ecosystems. They found that 24% were at risk of extinction 鈥 classified as vulnerable, endangered or critically endangered 鈥 due to compounding threats from pollution, dams, water extraction, agriculture, invasive species, climate change and other disruptions.
鈥淢ost species don鈥檛 have just one threat putting them at risk of extinction, but many threats acting together,鈥 said Sayer, a study-co-author.
The tally, published in , is the first that time researchers have analyzed the global risk to freshwater species. Previous studies have focused on land animals including including mammals, birds and reptiles.
Duke University ecologist Stuart Pimm, who was not involved in the study, called it 鈥渁 long-awaited and hugely important paper."
鈥淎lmost every big river in North America and Europe is massively modified" through damming, putting freshwater species at risk, he said.
In South America, the vast Amazon River ecosystem also faces threats from deforestation, wildfires and illegal gold mining, said Charvet.
Illegal fires to clear forest result in waves of ash polluting the river, and unlicensed gold miners dump mercury into the water, she said.
Rivers and wetlands 鈥渃oncentrate everything that happens around them," she said. "If something goes really wrong, like an acid or oil spill, you can threaten an entire species. There鈥檚 nowhere else for these animals to go.鈥
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