This much is clear: On June 9, an old steel fishing trawler left eastern Libya for Italy, carrying far too many people.
As many as 750 men, women and children from Syria, Egypt, the Palestinian territories and Pakistan were on board, in their home countries and trying to reach .
Five days later, the trawler in one of the deepest parts of the Mediterranean Sea. Only 104 people, all men, survived. The remains of 78 people were recovered.
There are still more questions than answers about what led up to one of the worst shipwrecks in .
Activists, migration experts and opposition politicians have for not acting earlier to rescue the migrants, even though a coast guard vessel escorted the trawler for hours and watched helplessly as it sank.
Below is a timeline of events based on reports from Greek authorities, a commercial ship, and activists who said they were in touch with passengers. They describe sequences of events that at times converge, but also differ in key ways.
The Greek coast guard said that the overcrowded trawler was moving steadily toward Italy, , until minutes before it sank. This is in part supported by the account of a merchant tanker that was nearby.
But activists said that people on board were in danger and made repeated pleas for help more than 15 hours before the vessel sank.
International maritime law and coast guard experts said that conditions on the trawler clearly showed it was at risk, and should have prompted an immediate rescue operation, regardless of what people on board may have said.
Much of these accounts couldn't immediately be independently verified.
Missing from this timeline is the testimony of survivors, who have been transferred to a closed camp and kept away from journalists.
All times are given in Greece鈥檚 time zone.
FIRST CONTACT
Around 11 a.m. on Tuesday, Italian authorities informed Greece that a fishing trawler packed with migrants was in international waters southwest of the Peloponnese. Greece said the Italian authorities were alerted by an activist.
Around the same time, human rights activist Nawal Soufi wrote on social media that she had been contacted by a woman on a boat that had left Libya four days earlier.
The migrants had run out of water, Soufi wrote, and shared GPS coordinates through a satellite phone showing they were approximately 100 kilometers (62 miles) from Greece.
鈥淒ramatic situation on board. They need immediate rescue,鈥 she wrote Tuesday morning.
Over the course of the day, Soufi described about 20 calls with people on the trawler in a series of social media posts and a later audio recording. The Associated Press couldn't reach Soufi.
A surveillance aircraft from the European Border and Coast Guard Agency, commonly known as Frontex, spotted the overcrowded trawler at 11:47 a.m. and notified Greek authorities, the agency told the AP. On Saturday, Frontex told the AP that its plane had to leave the scene after 10 minutes because of a fuel shortage, but that it had also shared details and photos of the 鈥渉eavily overcrowded鈥 trawler with Greece.
DIFFERING ACCOUNTS OF CONDITIONS ON BOARD
At 2 p.m., Greek authorities established contact with someone on the trawler. The vessel 鈥渄id not request any assistance from the coast guard or from Greece,鈥 according to a statement.
But activists said that people on the boat were already in desperate need by Tuesday afternoon.
At 3:11 p.m., Soufi wrote, passengers told her that seven people were unconscious.
Around the same time, Alarm Phone, a network of activists with no connection to Soufi who run a hotline for migrants in need of rescue, said they received a call from a person on the trawler.
鈥淭hey say they cannot survive the night, that they are in heavy distress,鈥 Alarm Phone wrote.
At 3:35 p.m., a Greek coast guard helicopter located the trawler. An aerial photo released showed that it was packed, with people covering nearly the entire deck.
From then until 9 p.m., Greek authorities said, they were in contact with people on the trawler by satellite phone, radio, and shouted conversations conducted by merchant vessels and a coast guard boat that arrived at night. They added that people on the trawler repeatedly said they wanted to continue to Italy and refused rescue.
MERCHANT SHIPS BRING SUPPLIES
At 5:10 p.m., Greek authorities asked a Maltese-flagged tanker called the Lucky Sailor to bring the trawler food and water.
According to the company that manages the Lucky Sailor, people on the trawler 鈥渨ere very hesitant to receive any assistance,鈥 and shouted that 鈥渢hey want to go to Italy.鈥 Eventually, the trawler was persuaded to accept supplies, Eastern Mediterranean Maritime Ltd. wrote in a statement,
Around 6 p.m., a Greek coast guard helicopter reported that the trawler was 鈥渟ailing on a steady course and heading.鈥
But at 6:20 p.m., Alarm Phone said that people on board reported that they weren't moving, and that the 鈥渃aptain鈥 had abandoned the trawler in a small boat.
鈥淧lease any solution,鈥 someone on board told Alarm Phone.
The Greek authorities鈥 account suggested the trawler stopped around that time to receive supplies from the Lucky Sailor.
At 6:55 p.m., Soufi wrote, migrants on board told her that six people had died and another two were very sick. No other account so far has mentioned deaths prior to the shipwreck, and the AP hasn't been able to verify this.
Around 9 p.m., Greek authorities asked a second, Greek-flagged, merchant vessel to deliver water, and allowed the Lucky Sailor to leave.
Then, at around 10:40 p.m., a coast guard boat from Crete reached the trawler, and remained nearby until it sank. According to the coast guard, the vessel 鈥渄iscreetly observed鈥 the trawler from a distance. Once again, the coast guard said, the trawler didn't appear to have any problems and was moving 鈥渁t a steady course and speed.鈥
THE FINAL HOURS
According to Soufi鈥檚 account, attempts to deliver supplies may have contributed to the trawler鈥檚 troubles.
Shortly after 11 p.m., she wrote that the trawler began rocking as its passengers tried to catch water bottles from another vessel. According to people on board, ropes were tied to the ship, destabilizing it and causing a 鈥渟tate of panic," she said.
The report from the Lucky Sailor said that no lines were tied to the trawler, and supplies were delivered in watertight barrels tied to a rope.
鈥淭hose on board the boat caught the line and pulled,鈥 the company managing the Lucky Sailor told the AP.
The other merchant vessel didn't immediately reply to the AP's questions.
A spokesman for the Greek coast guard said late Friday that its vessel had briefly attached a light rope to the trawler at around 11 p.m. He stressed that none of the vessels had attempted to tow the trawler.
Commander Nikos Alexiou told Greek channel Ant1 TV that the coast guard wanted to check on the trawler鈥檚 condition, but people on board again refused help and untied the rope before continuing course.
Soufi's last contact with the trawler was at 11 p.m. She said later in a voice memo that 鈥渢hey never expressed the will to continue sailing to Italy," or refused assistance from Greece. 鈥淭hey were in danger and needed help."
The captain of the coast guard vessel that reached the trawler less than three hours before it sank has testified to investigating authorities that the passengers refused any help, Greek media reported Saturday.
The captain said that during a first approach, at 11:40 p.m. Tuesday, the passengers didn't respond to his call that he was ready to provide assistance.
Five minutes later, he said, the vessel stopped moving. His vessel inched closer and tied a rope to the ship鈥檚 bow, but some passengers responded in English 鈥淣o Help鈥 and 鈥淕o Italy,鈥 according to news website kathimerini.gr which quotes from the captain鈥檚 deposition. Soon after, the migrants untied the rope and restarted the engine.
THE WRECK
According to authorities, the trawler kept moving until 1:40 a.m. Wednesday, when its engine stopped. The coast guard vessel then got closer to 鈥渄etermine the problem.鈥
A few minutes later, Alarm Phone had a final exchange with people on the trawler. The activists were able to make out only: 鈥淗ello my friend 鈥 The ship you send is 鈥︹ before the call cut off.
At 2:04 a.m., more than 15 hours after Greek authorities first heard of the case, the coast guard reported that the trawler began rocking violently from side to side, and then capsized.
In the Greek captain鈥檚 leaked testimony, he said that at 1:40 a.m. he was informed that the trawler鈥檚 engine had stopped again. The coast guard vessel then approached within 70 meters (230 feet) to inspect. The boat had started listing, there was a lot of commotion and shouts were heard. The vessel capsized in less than a minute, the captain is quoted as saying.
People on deck were thrown into the sea, while others held onto the boat as it flipped. Many others, including women and children, were trapped below deck.
Fifteen minutes later, the trawler vanished underwater.
In the darkness of night, 104 people were rescued, and brought to shore on the Mayan Queen IV, a luxury yacht that was sailing in the vicinity of the shipwreck. Greek authorities retrieved 78 bodies. No other people have been found since Wednesday.
As many as 500 people are missing.
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Renata Brito reported from Barcelona, Spain. Derek Gatopoulos and Demetris Nellas in Athens, Greece, contributed to this report.
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